Reference list entries in alphabetical order.
- Book
Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.
In-text citation (Smith 2016, 315)
Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
In-text citation: (Grazer and Fishman 2015)
- Chapter or other part of an edited book
Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
- Edited volume
D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
- Translated book
Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Edition other than the first
Lesina, Roberto. 1994. Il nuovo manuale di stile. 2nd ed. Bologna: Zanichelli.
- Reprinted works (original date of publication)
Austen, Jane. (1813) 2003. Pride and Prejudice. London: T. Egerton. Reprint, New York: Penguin Classics.
In-text citation (Austen [1813] 2003)
- E-book
For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text, if any (or simply omit).
Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Borel, Brooke. 2016. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ProQuest Ebrary.
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
- Journal article
Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April): 165–76.
- News or magazine article
Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.
Mead, Rebecca. 2017. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker, April 17, 2017.
- Book review
Kakutani, Michiko. 2016. “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing Time, by Zadie Smith. New York Times, November 7, 2016.
- Interview
Carson, Ciaran. 1999. “Inventing Carson: An Interview.” By David Laskowski. Chicago Review 45 (3-4): 92-100.
Stamper, Kory. 2017. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air, NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.
- Thesis or dissertation
Rutz, Cynthia Lillian. 2013. “King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.
- Website content
Bouman, Katie. 2016. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA. Video, 12:51. https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.
Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
Yale University. n.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
- Film
Hitchcock, Alfred, dir. 1954. Rear Window. Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures, 2001. DVD.
- Video (online / social media platform)
It should contain the name of the individual / company who posted the content, as well as the length and the date in which it was published.
CrashCourse. 2013. “The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism: Crash Course in US History #8.” YouTube video, 13:03. Posted March 21, 2013. https://youtu.be/bO7FQsCcbD8.
- TV series / show
Episode:
Silberling, Brad, dir. 2014. Jane the Virgin. Season 1, episode 1, “Chapter One.” Aired October 13, 2014, on The CW.
Complete series:
The West Wing. 1999-2006. Created by Aaron Sorkin. Produced by Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, John Wells, Alex Graves, and Christopher Misiano. NBC.
- Audio recording
Dylan, Bob. 1968. All Along the Watchtower. MCA.
Beyoncé. 2016. “Sandcastles.” In Lemonade. Parkwood Entertainment, MP3.
- Social media content
Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below).
Conan O’Brien’s tweet was characteristically deadpan: “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets” (@ConanOBrien, April 22, 2015).
If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.
